Identification_Information:
  Citation:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: NC Floodplain Mapping Program, Division of Emergency Management, NC Department of Crime Control and Public Safety
      Publication_Date: 20090513
      Title: Cape Fear Basin NC, Bare Earth Lidar Data, 2004
  Description:
    Abstract: This is a data set of tiles entirely or partially within the Cape Fear Basin, in LAS file format derived from ASCII points file format representing x, y, and z values for each point. The data was collected using Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) technology in the spring of 2001.  The data, collected in meters, required conversion to feet. As such, the map extent indicated in the Spatial_Domain element is representative of the larger data set and not an individual tile. See Supplemental Information below. See Cape Fear Basin Final Report for additional information.
    Purpose: This data was derived by the North Carolina Floodplain Mapping Program (www.ncfloodmaps.com) as part of its effort to modernize FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM) statewide. Although created for specific use in the engineering aspects of floodplain delineation, the data were also developed to address the elevation data requirements of the broader geo-spatial data user community. The North Carolina Floodplain Mapping Program was established in response to the extensive damage caused by Hurricane Floyd in 1999. See Cape Fear Basin Final Report for additional information.
    Supplemental_Information: This data set should be accompanied by both an associated metadata record and a data delivery index that includes unique database information for each tile of the data set.
  Time_Period_of_Content:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Range_of_Dates/Times:
        Beginning_Date: 20001229
        Ending_Date: 20040902
    Currentness_Reference: date stamp of file
  Status:
    Progress: Complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Unknown
  Spatial_Domain:
    Bounding_Coordinates:
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -80.08
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -77.44
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 36.38
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 33.83
  Keywords:
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
      Theme_Keyword: elevation
      Theme_Keyword: topography
      Theme_Keyword: LIDAR
      Theme_Keyword: bare earth
      Theme_Keyword: mass points
      Theme_Keyword: elevation map
      Theme_Keyword: surface model
      Theme_Keyword: DEM
      Theme_Keyword: digital elevation model
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
      Place_Keyword: North Carolina
      Place_Keyword: NC
      Place_Keyword: Cape Fear River Basin
      Place_Keyword: Brunswick County
      Place_Keyword: Columbus County
      Place_Keyword: Bladen County
      Place_Keyword: Robeson County
      Place_Keyword: Cumberland County
      Place_Keyword: Hoke County
      Place_Keyword: Moore County
      Place_Keyword: Montgomery County
      Place_Keyword: New Hanover County
      Place_Keyword: Onslow County
      Place_Keyword: Pender County
      Place_Keyword: Duplin County
      Place_Keyword: Sampson County
      Place_Keyword: Chatham County
      Place_Keyword: Harnett County
      Place_Keyword: Lee County
      Place_Keyword: Johnston County
      Place_Keyword: Lenoir County
      Place_Keyword: Wake County
      Place_Keyword: Alamance County
      Place_Keyword: Guilford County
      Place_Keyword: Orange County
      Place_Keyword: Forsyth County
      Place_Keyword: Rockingham County
      Place_Keyword: Caswell County
      Place_Keyword: Durham County
      Place_Keyword: Randolph County
      Place_Keyword: Wayne County
  Access_Constraints: None
  Use_Constraints: This data was created with the highest consideration of accuracy and data integrity. As with all other geo-spatial datasets, however, users must take into consideration the consequences of using the data for specific applications, business processes, decisions, and map display. For example, surface conditions may have changed in some areas since the initial data was captured. A full metadata record is provided to help the user understand the parameters (ex: date, map scale, accuracy standard) applied in the collection and data development process. The data should not be used without full review and comprehension of the metadata. Acknowledgement of the North Carolina Floodplain Mapping Program is appreciated when using the data set. Data further derived from this data set should be fully documented using the federal metadata standard and listed via the NC Geospatial Data Clearinghouse.
  Point_of_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: North Carolina Geodetic Survey
        Contact_Person: Gary Thompson
      Contact_Position: Chief
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: physical address
        Address: Elk Building, 121 West Jones Street
        City: Raleigh
        State_or_Province: NC
        Postal_Code: 27603
        Country: USA
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing address
        Address: 20323 Mail Service Center
        City: Raleigh
        State_or_Province: NC
        Postal_Code: 27699-0323
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: (919) 733-3836
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (919) 733-4407
  Data_Set_Credit: This data set was developed for the North Carolina Floodmapping Program by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. Additional data development support was provided by 3Di Technologies, Inc. as subcontractor to Greenhorne & O'Mara and by Airborne1 Corp. and Sanborn Colorado, LLC as sub-tier suppliers to 3Di.
  Native_Data_Set_Environment: The data were developed using IDL, TerraModel v. 9.6, Pentium III PC platform, Windows NT operating system.

Data_Quality_Information:
  Attribute_Accuracy:
    Attribute_Accuracy_Report: LIDAR Bare Earth data were compared with NCGS QA/QC checkpoints.  The 5% of points with the largest error were removed (outliers).  For the NC Floodplain Mapping Program, the vertical accuracy for coastal counties is less than or equal to 20 cm RMSE.  For mainland counties, the vertical accuracy of the elevation data is less than or equal to 25 cm RMSE.  More information about the Quality Control reports and a summary of the quality control checks for each county in the Cape Fear Basin can be found at www.ncgs.state.nc.us/flood/qc_reports/qc_status.htm.
    Quantitative_Attribute_Accuracy_Assessment:
      Attribute_Accuracy_Value:
        Total accuracy (all land cover types): Information on accuracy is contained in the Cape Fear Basin Final Report.
        Accuracy by land cover type:
        Information on accuracy is contained in the Cape Fear Basin Final Report.
      Attribute_Accuracy_Explanation: State QAQC points measured by the NCGS were compared to interpolated TIN values for the LIDAR data sets.  The difference was calculated as the  QAQC value minus the LIDAR interpolated TIN value.  The differences were then squared and summed.  The resulting value was divided by the number of points compared to determine the mean.  The square root of the mean was calculated to arrive at the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the elevation differences, or RMSE(z). Additional information on accuracy is contained in the Cape Fear Basin Final Report.
  Logical_Consistency_Report: Proprietary algorithms exclude any points taken with Positional Dilution of Precision Values greater than 3; algorithms also exclude anomalous points (extremely high or extremely low values compared to the surrounding points).
  Completeness_Report: This is an estimation of the bare earth surface and does not include vegetative and built features.  Likewise, it contains estimates of water edges at the time of data collection, and may not reflect current conditions.
  Positional_Accuracy:
    Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
      Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: See Cape Fear Basin Final Report.
      Quantitative_Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Assessment:
        Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Value: 1.0
        Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Explanation: Horizontal Accuracy is derived from the total error budget of the LIDAR Sensor and the Post Processed GPS Kinematic solution.  Error budgets and calibration values have been established that include GPS error of the aircraft location in space during flight, the angular error of the Inertial Measurement Unit resulting in error budget for aircraft platform attitude in pitch, roll and yaw, and the angular error in the LIDAR scan mirror position for each laser shot.  These and other minor error budgets are used to derive the maximum horizontal position error of the LIDAR footprint on the terrain surface.  Performance against this budget is checked with laboratory measurements and flight calibrations to assure conformance to specification.  Further information on calibration reports can be obtained in the Cape Fear Basin Final Report.
    Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:
      Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: See Cape Fear Basin Final Report.
      Quantitative_Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Assessment:
        Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Value: 0.2
        Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Explanation: Internally collected QAQC points and qualified NGS Benchmarks were compared to interpolated TIN values for the LIDAR data sets.  The difference was calculated as the  QAQC value minus the LIDAR interpolated TIN value.  The differences were then squared and summed.  The resulting value was divided by the number of points compared to determine the mean.  The square root of the mean was calculated to arrive at the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the elevation differences, or RMSE(z). Acceptable values for RMSE would be 20cm or less for designated coastal counties and 25cm for inland counties.
  Lineage:
    Source_Information:
      Source_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Originator: 3Di, Inc.
          Publication_Date: 20020531
          Title: Full Return LIDAR Data
          Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: ASCII x,y,z points file
      Type_of_Source_Media: CD-ROM
      Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
        Time_Period_Information:
          Range_of_Dates/Times:
            Beginning_Date: 20001229
            Ending_Date: 20010414
        Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
      Source_Citation_Abbreviation: LIDAR_FR
      Source_Contribution: Full Return LIDAR Data provides the unfiltered elevation data to be processed to the bare earth surface.
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description: Production Narrative: Data collected were processed to determine that valid GPS values were achieved on all flights.  The flight data was processed using proprietary automated algorithms that calculate the x, y, and z value of each point by combining GPS position of the aircraft, IMU attitude of the aircraft, range of the laser pulse, and scan angle of the laser scanner.  Resulting data from each flight line was then compared to crossing and bordering flight lines to identify any residual pitch, roll or yaw errors.  Data were also compared to calibration flights over airports in or adjacent to the Cape Fear River Basin.  Data were then edited in TerraModel by comparing contour lines, shaded relief models (hillshading) and points clouds within tiles and from one tile to the next.  Finally, the data were compared to available ground survey data prior to submitting to the State for QAQC checks. The bare earth ASCII x,y,z files were produced using TerraModel. A full description of LIDAR processing is available in the Cape Fear Basin Final Report.
      Process_Date: 20020531
      Process_Contact:
        Contact_Information:
          Contact_Person_Primary:
            Contact_Person: Sean Morgan
          Contact_Address:
            Address_Type: physical
            Address: 3Di Corp
            Address: 1770 Range St. Unit B
            City: Boulder
            State_or_Province: CO
            Postal_Code: 80301
            Country: USA
          Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-473-9100

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
  Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: point

Spatial_Reference_Information:
  Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
    Planar:
      Grid_Coordinate_System:
        Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: State Plane Coordinate System 1983
        State_Plane_Coordinate_System:
          SPCS_Zone_Identifier: 3200 North Carolina
          Lambert_Conformal_Conic:
            Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -79.00
            Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 33.75
            Standard_Parallel: 34.3333333333
            Standard_Parallel: 36.1666666667
            False_Easting: 609601.22
            False_Northing: 0
      Planar_Coordinate_Information:
        Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: Coordinate Pair
        Coordinate_Representation:
          Abscissa_Resolution: 0.01
          Ordinate_Resolution: 0.01
        Planar_Distance_Units: meters
    Geodetic_Model:
      Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983
      Ellipsoid_Name: GRS 80
      Semi-major_Axis: 6378137
      Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
  Overview_Description:
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: This is a three column, comma delimited, XYZ ASCII file of LIDAR returns containing values referencing horizontal and vertical spatial locations.  Horizontal X and Y values are represented in North Carolina State Plane feet, NAD83(1995).  Vertical Z values are referenced in NAVD88,and represent values in feet above mean sea level.  The data set includes a single elevation value for each surface point.  Elevation is expressed in 0.001 feet above mean sea level. The following is a sample record of a LIDAR XYZ ASCII file: 1880019.790,510408.984,419.319
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: None

Distribution_Information:
  Distributor:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: North Carolina Floodplain Mapping Program
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address:
          1812 Tillery Place
          Suite 105
        City: Raleigh
        State_or_Province: NC
        Postal_Code: 27604
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: (919) 715-5711
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (919) 715-0408
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jlay@ncem.org
      Hours_of_Service: 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM Eastern Time
      Contact_Instructions: Phone and e-mail preferred.
  Standard_Order_Process:
    Digital_Form:
      Digital_Transfer_Information:
        Format_Name: ASCII
        Format_Information_Content: point dataset and metadata
        File_Decompression_Technique: PC based PKZip compatible products (WinZIP, unzip) may be used to decompress the dataset.
        Transfer_Size: 2.0-4.0 MB
      Digital_Transfer_Option:
        Online_Option:
          Computer_Contact_Information:
            Network_Address:
              Network_Resource_Name: (To be determined.)
  Technical_Prerequisites:
    Data are supplied in Arc/Info and ASCII formats. Format
    compatibility is the user's responsibility.

Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Date: 20041008
  Metadata_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc.
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address
        Address: 5565 Centerview Drive, Suite 107
        City: Raleigh
        State_or_Province: NC
        Postal_Code: 27606
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 919-851-1919
  Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
